ByDavidFerguson译/广宇
Timesarealittletoughatourhouserightnow.Neitheroneofusmakesalotofmoney,butyearsofexperiencehavetaughtushowtowalkbetweentheraindropsandmakeitfromonemonthtothenextwithafairamountofgrace.
Icookalotathome,morewhenwe’refacingleantimes.WhenIknowthatIhavetokeepusfedonnotmuchmoney,Ifallbackonmygrandmother’srecipes.
Shetaughtmetocook.WhenIwasakid,mytwinbrotherandIspentlongsummerweeksandChristmasvacationswithmymother’sparents,aruralmail-carrierandatextilemillworkerinthemountainsofnorth-westNorthCarolina.
Ididn’tcaremuchforquail1)huntingorfishingforbass2)andrainbowtrout3)likemybrotherandgrandfather.Gunswereloudandterrifying,fieldsweregrossandfullofmud.Also,littleDavidjustwasn’tgreatatkillingthings.Ishudderedwhenpushingwormsontofishhooks,criedquietlywhenstuffingbloodylimpbirdsintothegamesack.
我们家这阵子日子有点难过。我俩赚的钱都不多,但多年的生活经验教会了我们如何熬过困难时期,比较体面地过日子。我经常在家做饭,日子一紧巴,做得就更多了。我知道全家就指望不多的那点钱填饱肚子,于是外祖母的食谱在我这儿又派上了用场。是外祖母教会了我做饭。小时候,每到悠长的夏日或是圣诞节假期,我和我的双胞胎兄弟都会去外祖父母家。他们住在北卡罗来纳州西北部的山区,外祖父是乡村邮递员,外祖母是纺织厂工人。
我不像我兄弟和外祖父那样喜欢打鹌鹑或是钓鲈鱼、虹鳟鱼。枪声太响,又吓人,地里全是泥,感觉很恶心。而且,我小时候就不是那种擅长宰杀动物的人。那会儿,往鱼钩上穿虫子都能让我打哆嗦,当我把鲜血淋漓、软不拉几的鸟塞进猎物袋时,我会默默地哭泣。
1.quail[kweɪl]n.鹌鹑
2.bass[bæs]n.鲈鱼
3.rainbowtrout:虹鳟鱼
Turnedout,though,thatIwasreallygoodatbakingcakes.Soratherthangoshiveronfrozenmorningsinadeerblind4)
prayingIwouldn’thavetopullthetriggeronthisshotgun,Ifoundmyselfmoreandmoreinthekitchenwithmygrandmother,watchinghersoft,arthritis5)-benthandsdrizzlingcornstarch6)intothefillingforalemonchesspie.
“Themoreyoupay,theworseyoueat,”shewouldsay.Grandmotherhadanear-totaldisdainforrestaurants,particularlyexpensiveones.ItoldheroncethatI’dbeentoa“soulfood7)”restaurantinNewYorkCitywheretheychargedsixdollarsforaservingofcollardgreens8)andshewasaghast.
“Somebodyneedstotellthosepeoplethattheycanpicktheirowncollardsforfreeonthesideoftheroad!”shesaid,disgusted.Andit’strue.Collardsareaweed,butthey’reaweedthat’spackedwithiron,calciumandothernutrients,somydirt-poorancestorslearnedhowtocookthemandmakethemtastedelicious.
Mygreat-grandmotherdiedwhenmygrandmother—theoldestofnine—was11yearsold.Astheeldestdaughter,shewasexpectedtotakeonallofthechild-rearingduties,groceryshopping(suchasitwasinthe1930s),cleaningandcooking.Shedidallofthiswhileattendingschoolandthenworkingfulltime.Ihaveherhighschoolgraduationcertificate,whichshesignedinperfectroundedcopperplate9)scripton6June1936.
ThroughouttheGreatDepressionandtheprivations10)oftheSecondWorldWar,shelearnedhowtomakealittlefoodgoalongway.Vegetableswerecheap,soshecookedalotofthem,mostlyonlyusingsmallamountsofmeatforseasoning.Roastbeefwasatwice-a-monthluxury,buttherewasnothingshecouldn’tdowithachicken,everypartofit.Nothingwenttowaste.
不过,我后来发现自己特别擅长烘焙。所以,冰冷的清晨我不再待在猎鹿的埋伏处一边冻得瑟瑟发抖,一边祈祷着不要让我扣猎枪的扳机。我发现自己和外祖母待在厨房的次数越来越多,看着她因患关节炎而有点弯曲的手轻柔地将玉米淀粉撒到做柠檬切斯派的馅中。
外祖母会说:“花钱越多,吃得越差。”对于餐馆,尤其是那种价格昂贵的餐馆,外祖母的态度几乎是完全的不屑。曾经有一次,我跟她说我去过纽约的一家“灵魂料理”餐厅,那里的一份羽衣甘蓝就要六美元。她听了目瞪口呆。
“得有人告诉那些人,他们不花钱就能在路边摘到羽衣甘蓝!”她愤愤不平地说道。她说的没错。羽衣甘蓝就是一种草,但是这种草富含铁、钙以及其他多种营养物质,所以我那些穷得叮当响的祖辈们才学会了怎么烹饪羽衣甘蓝,而且还做得很美味。
我曾外祖母去世时,外祖母只有11岁。作为家中九个孩子里的老大,外祖母理所当然就要承担照顾弟弟妹妹的全部职责,还要负责买食品杂货(而且还是在20世纪30年代的大萧条时期)、打扫卫生和做饭。她一边做着这些事情,一边上学。后来又一边做全职工作,一边照顾家里。我还保存有她高中的毕业证书,上面有她的签名,是工整的圆形手写体,日期是1936年6月6日。
大萧条以及二战期间物资匮乏的时候,外祖母学会了怎样让少量的食物够吃很长时间。蔬菜便宜,她便多做蔬菜,通常只用一点点肉来提味。烤牛肉是奢侈品,一个月才能吃两顿。但外祖母能用鸡做出各种美味,鸡身上所有的部位都能用上,通通不会浪费。
IrememberoncewhenIwaslittle,Iwenttoscrape
11)
someleftoverfoodoffmyplateandintothetrashandshestoppedmyhand.
“Wedon’tnever,everthrowfoodawayinthishouse,”shesaid,pointingatthepotofscrapskepteachdayformygrandfather’stwobirddogs,DixieandSport.“Never,ever.Ifyou’renotgoingtoeatit,giveittothedogs.”
NowIunderstandthatforherfoodwassacred.Theloveshefeltforuswasjustasmuchaningredientastheflour,saltandpepperbreadingherfriedchickenorthecandiedpecans
12)
ontopofherbakedsweetpotatoes.Oncefoodhadpassedthroughherhands,itwassanctifiedbylove.
IfeelconnectedtomygrandmotherandtohermotherandtohundredsofyearsoffamilyandregionalhistorywhenI’minmykitchenmakingcountryfood.Inthedelicioussmellsandtheintoxicating
13)blendsofflavorsonflavorsisalongtaleofvictoryoverhardtimes,ofconqueringstarvation—ofnotjustsurviving,butflourishingandfindingjoyandpleasureineverymealofeveryday.
Abigpotofpintobeans
14)are,asSteinbeck
15)said,“aroofoveryourstomach.Beansareawarmcloakagainsteconomiccold.”Addriceandasteaminghunk
16)
ofbuttermilkcornbreadandit’sanourishing,satisfyingmeal.Addslicesofhome-growntomatoandit’sheavenonaplate.Totalcosttofeedfourpeople:under$10.
FrommymotherandgrandmotherIlearnedtotakerealsatisfactioninfeedingpeople.Mygrandmotherwouldbeamwithpleasureoveraheavilyladentableandsay:“Doyouknowwhatthiswouldcostatthecafe?”
Ineverknewwhatcafeinparticularshehadinmind,butIknewthatthequestionwastotallynotfair,becausenorestaurantanywherecancooklikeagrandmother.
Butnow,thankstoherguidanceandyearsofpractice,Ican.
我还记得小时候有一次我要把盘子里没吃完的食物扒拉进垃圾桶,外祖母阻止了我。
“在咱们家,绝对不能把食物丢掉,”她边说边指着外祖父的两条猎鸟犬迪克西和斯波特的食盆,“绝对不能丢掉。你要是不打算吃了,可以给狗吃。”现在我才明白,对外祖母来说,食物是神圣的。她对我们的爱就像撒在炸鸡上的面粉、盐和胡椒,或是她撒在烤红薯上的糖霜山核桃一样,是一种原料。食物一经她的手,便被爱神圣化了。
每当我在厨房准备家乡风味的食物时,我就会感觉自己跟外祖母、曾外祖母,跟数百年来家族和当地的历史联系在了一起。各种美妙的香味和各种令人陶醉的味道搭配在一起,其中蕴含着一部长长的胜利史,一部战胜困难时期、战胜饥饿的历史——不仅要活下来,还要把日子过得蒸蒸日上,要在每天的每顿饭中找到幸福和快乐。
正像斯坦贝克说的那样,一大锅菜豆就“能为你的胃遮风挡雨。豆子是抵御经济严寒的温暖斗篷”。加上米饭和一大块热气腾腾的酪乳玉米面包,这就是一顿营养丰富的美味佳肴。再配上几片自家种的西红柿,这就是一顿瑶池盛宴。这样一顿饭能喂饱四口人,总共花费不到十美元。
从妈妈和外祖母那儿,我学会了怎样从做饭中得到真正的满足。外祖母会眉开眼笑地望着一大桌丰盛的美食说:“你们可知道,这一桌要是在饭店得花多少钱吗?”
我从来不知道她说的具体是怎样的饭店,但是我知道这么问一点儿也不公平,因为无论什么地方的饭店都做不出外祖母做的味道。
但是现在,多亏外祖母的指导和我自己多年的实践,我做得出这种味道了。