大众创业､万众创新
习近平在2014年12月的中央经济工作会议上提出要“营造有利于大众创业、市场主体创新的政策制度环境”。此前,李克强在2014年9月的夏季达沃斯论坛上也曾提出,要掀起“大众创业”、“草根创业”的新浪潮,形成“万众创新”、“人人创新”的新态势｡”。“大众创业、万众创新”是实现中国经济提质增效升级的“新引擎”,其目的在于尊重人民群众的主体地位,充分发挥其无限创造力,让他们平等参与现代化进程，共同分享改革红利和发展成果，推动大众创业、万众创新,可以扩大就业,增加居民收入,有利于促进社会纵向流动和公平正义,同时也可以让中国民众在创造财富的过程中,更好地实现精神追求和自身价值。｡
Widespreadentrepreneurshipandinnovation
AttheCentralEconomicWorkMeetinginDecember2014,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingcalledforeffortstocreateatpolicyandinstitutionallevelsanenvironmentconducivetowidespreadentrepreneurshipandinnovation.Beforethat,PremierLiKeqianghaddeclaredatthe“SummerDavos”foruminTianjinlastSeptemberthatChinawouldencouragewidestpossibleparticipationinentrepreneurialactivitiesandhelpunleashamassivewaveofgrassrootsinnovation.
WidespreadentrepreneurshipandinnovationwouldbeanewengineforChinatoupgradetheeconomy,makingitmoreefficient.TheaxiomtestifiestotheleadingroleofthepeopleandtheneedtotapintotheirunboundedcreativityandfullparticipationinChina’sdrivetowardsmodernizationandenjoymentofthereformdividendandthefruitsofdevelopment.Promotingentrepreneurshipandinnovationwouldcreatemorejobs,increasepeople’sincomes,boostupwardsocialmobility,andcontributetosocialequityandjustice.Thiswouldinturnencourageindividualstofurtherpursuetheiridealsandrealizetheirfullpotentialwhilegeneratinghigherlevelsofwealth.
战略性新兴产业
中国所提出的战略性新兴产业,是指那些潜在市场大、带动能力强、吸收就业多、综合效益好的产业,比如节能环保、新一代信息技术、高端装备制造、集成电路、物联网、先进制造、新能源、新一代移动通信、大数据等。中国将适应产业竞争格局新变化,加快培育这些产业发展,构建“核心技术——战略产品——工程与规模应用”的创新价值链,拓展产业发展空间,培育市场竞争新优势。｡
Emergingindustriesofstrategicimportance
Emergingindustriesofstrategicimportancearethosethathaveconsiderablemarketpotential,candrivetheeconomyandcreatemorejobs,andarecost-effective.Theyincludeenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection,newgenerationinformationtechnology,high-endequipmentmanufacturing,integratedcircuits,theInternetofThings,advancedmanufacturing,newenergy,new-generationmobilecommunications,andbigdata.
Chinawillstepupeffortstofosterthegrowthoftheseindustriesinresponsetonewchallengesinacompetitiveworld.Aninnovativevaluechainwillbecreatedlinkingcoretechnologies,strategicproducts,andengineeringexpertiseandcapacityandlarge-scaleapplications.Thescopeofindustrialdevelopmentwillbeexpanded,withnewpossibilitiesforbusinessestosharpentheircompetitiveedge.
创新驱动发展战略
中国实施创新驱动发展战略,就是要推动以科技创新为核心的全面创新,坚持需求导向和产业化方向,坚持企业在创新中的主体地位,发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用和社会主义制度优势,增强科技进步对经济增长的贡献度,形成新的增长动力源泉,推动经济持续健康发展。主要措施包括:营造激励创新的公平竞争环境,建立技术创新市场导向机制,强化金融创新的功能,完善成果转化激励政策,构建更加高效的科研体系,创新培养、用好和吸引人才机制,推动形成深度融合的开放创新局面,等等。中国将力争到2020年,基本形成适应创新驱动发展要求的制度环境和政策法律体系,为进入创新型国家行列提供有力保障。｡
Theinnovation-drivendevelopmentstrategy
China’sinnovation-drivendevelopmentstrategyaimsatencouraginginnovationinallareas,particularlyscienceandtechnology.Innovationshouldbedemand-driveninresponsetotheneedsofindustrialization.Businessesaremajorplayersindeliveringinnovation,andthemarketshouldplaythedecisiveroleinallocatingresources.Thefullpotentialofoursocialistsystemshouldbeexplored.Thestrategyseekstoenhancethecontributionofscientificandtechnologicaladvancestoeconomicgrowth,whichwouldserveasanewgrowthdriverandhelpsustainsoundeconomicdevelopment.
Themainmeasurestobetakentothisendincludecreatingafavorableenvironmentforfaircompetitionandamarketbasedmechanismthatencouragestechnologicalinnovation.Itisalsoessentialtopromotefinancialinnovationtoprovidemoreincentivesforinnovativeusesoftechnology.Anotherareaoffocusisbuildingamoreefficientscientificresearchsystem,andimplementinganeffectivetalentmanagementmechanismfortrainingandattractingcompetentpersonnel.Ahighlyintegratedapproachisnecessarytoensureanopen,innovationfriendlyclimate.Chinaseekstohaveinplaceby2020aninstitutional,legalandpolicyframeworkforinnovation-drivendevelopmentsoastoprovideasolidbasistoputChinaontracktobecomeoneoftheworld’smostinnovativecountries.