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人人书 > 杂志 > China’s Political System and State Institutions

China’s Political System and State Institutions

时间:2024-10-26 07:24:28

China鈥檚politicalsystem

Chinaisasocialistcountryundertheleader颅shipoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC).China鈥檚politicalsysteminvolvesmulti-partycooperationandpoliticalconsultationundertheleadershipoftheCPC;itisdescribedasasocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics.

Chinahaseightnon-communistparties,suchastheRevolutionaryCommitteeoftheChineseKuomintang,theChinaDemocraticLeague,theChinaAssociationforPromotingDemocracy,andtheJiusanSociety.Together,thesepartiessupporttheleadershipoftheCPC.

TheChinesePeople鈥檚PoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC)isapatrioticunitedfrontorganizationfortheChinesepeopleandanimportantinstitutionformulti-partycooperationandpoliticalconsultationundertheleadershipoftheCPC.CPPCCconsistsofrepresentativesfromtheCPC,non-communistparties,democratswithoutpartyaffiliation,massorganizations,representativesofallethnicgroupsandtrades,representativesfromTaiwan,HongKong,MacaoandreturnedoverseasChineseandinvitees.ThemajorfunctionsoftheCPPCCarepoliticalconsultationanddemocraticsupervision.TheCPPCCorganizestheparticipatingparties,organizationsandrepresentativesofallethnicgroupsandtradestotakepartinthegovernmentmanagementanddiscusspoliticalaffairs.

China鈥檚statestructure

China鈥檚stateinstitutionsincludetheNationalPeople鈥檚Congress(NPC),thePresidentofthePeople鈥檚RepublicofChina,theStateCouncil,theCentralMilitaryCommission,localpeople鈥檚congressesandlocalpeople鈥檚governments,autonomousinstitutionsoflocalethnicautonomousdistricts,people鈥檚courtsandpeople鈥檚procuratorates.

TheNPCisthesupremelegislativebodyandthebodyofsupremepoliticalpower.Itismadeupofrepresentativeselectedinprovinces,autonomousregions,municipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,specialadministrativeregionsandfromthearmedforces.ItsstandingorganistheStandingCommitteeoftheNPC.ItisresponsibleforrevisingtheConstitutionofthePeople鈥檚RepublicofChina,supervisingtheenforcementoftheconstitution,makingandrevisingcriminallaws,civillawsandotherbasiclaws,andelectingstateleaders.ThepresidentandvicepresidentofthePeople鈥檚RepublicofChinaareelectedbytheNPC.AllcitizensofthePeople鈥檚RepublicofChinawhohavetherighttovoteandtostandforelectioncanbeelectedpresidentandvicepresidentofthePeople鈥檚RepublicofChina.

TheStateCouncilistheexecutivebodyofthesupremepowerorganandthesupremeadministrativeorgan.Itrepresentsthestateandthegovernment.TheCentralMilitaryCommissionofthePeople鈥檚RepublicofChinaleadsthenation鈥檚armedforces.Thepeople鈥檚courtsarethejudicialauthorities,andthepeople鈥檚procuratoratesarethelegalsupervisoryorgans.

LocalgovernmentsinChinarefertoprovince,cityorcounty,andtownship-levelgovernments.Localpeople鈥檚governmentsaretheadministrativeorgansatvariouslevels.Regionalethnicautonomyisadoptedinregionswhereethnicminoritiesaredenselypopulated.Ethnicautonomyisestablishedatfourlevels:autonomousregions,autonomousprefectures,autonomouscountiesandautonomoustownships.Forinstance,XinjiangiscalledtheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionandTibetiscalledtheTibetAutonomousRegion.

Chinahas23provinces,fourmunicipalities,fiveautonomousregionsandthetwospecialadministrativeregionsofHongKongandMacao.Theheadsoflocalgovern颅mentsatvariouslevelsarecalledgovernors,mayors,headsofcountyandheadsoftownship.Theheadsofautonomousregionsarecalledchairpersons.Chairpersonsofautonomousregions,headsofautonomousprefecturesandheadsofautonomouscountiesmustbecitizensfromthoseparticularethnicgroups.

AneditedexcerptfromWheninChina:AGuidetoChineseBusinessCulturepublishedbySinolinguaCo.Ltd.
   

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