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人人书 > 杂志 > The Quest for Green Growth

The Quest for Green Growth

时间:2024-10-25 05:05:01

ColorfulforestsaboundaroundtheMingyueMountain,AnfuCountyofJiangxiProvince.SOUTHEASTChina鈥檚JiangxiProvincerecentlyintroducedaforest-chiefsystemtooverseeenvironmentalconservationandsustainableexplorationofforestresourcesinthequestforforestrymodernization.

鈥淚tisamovedesignedtosafeguardtheenironmentalbalanceinJiangxi,鈥漵aidQiuShuiwen,directorofJiangxiProvincialDepartmentofForestry,inanewsbriefinAugustthisyear.Bytheendof2018,headsoflocalgovernmentandPartycommitteesatfivelevelsofprovince,prefecture,county,township,andvillagewillhaveworkedasforestchiefsandwillbeheldaccountableforallmountainsandforestsacrosstheprovince,accordingtoQiu.

Lakeandriverchiefs,aswellasmountainandforestchiefsareallpartofthereformofChina鈥檚environmentalgovernancesystem.InJiangxi,thededicationtobuildagreenenvironmentisanexampleofthecountry鈥檚effortstobuildabeautifulChina.

InstitutionalInnovation

Forestprotectionisthepremiseofenvironmentalconservation.鈥淭hepracticeofappointingforestchiefsisaninstitutionalinnovationtoreformtheoversightsystemforenvironmentalprotection.Theinstructivemoveisreinforcedbythesystemsofriverandlakechiefs,鈥漵aidQiu,explainingthatriverandlakechiefscouldnotworkeffectivelywithoutthesupportofforestchiefs.

Waterandforestsformanecosystem.Oncetheforestisdestroyed,theresultingsoilerosionwillexacerbatethesiltationofriversandlakes,whichwillinturnthreatentheriverecosystemandenvironmentthathumanbeingsrelyon.

JiangxiboastsrichwaterresourcesthankstothereputablePoyangLake,thepassingYangtzeRiver,andtheGanjiangRiver.Forestsaccountfor63.1percentoftheentirearea,makingitoneofthe鈥済reenest鈥漰rovincesinChina.OldcamphortreesstandtallinNiutianTownshipofLe鈥檃nCounty,JiangxiProvince.PhotoscourtesyoftheDepartmentofForestry,JiangxiProvince.However,withacceleratingindustrializationandurbanization,Jiangxifacesthedauntingchallengeofprotectingforestryresources.Insomeplaces,forestsandwoodswereoverexploitedforshort-termgains,whilerampantpoaching,disorderedwoodlandoccupation,anddeforestationarejeopardizinglocalforestryandenvironmentalconservation.Unclearaccountabilityandsupervisionsystemsarealsocontributingfactorstothischallenge.

ChinesePresidentXiJinpingurgedlocalgovernmentstoprotectthenaturalenvironmentandstrikeabal-ancebetweeneconomicgrowthandecologicalconservationduringatourtoJiangxiinFebruary2016.FollowingXi鈥檚instruction,Jiangxihasbeensteppingupeffortsinthisregard.ItfirstpilotedthepracticeofappointingmountainandforestchiefsinFuzhou,Wuning,andgainedvaluableexperiencebeforeexpandingthepracticeprovincewide.

GreenIncome

鈥淢yfamily鈥檚yearlyincomehasnowgrowntooverRMB40,000(aboutUS$5,848)morethantenfoldofthepastaswehaveanagritouristbusiness,offeringbedandbreakfastservicesandsellingvegetablesandhome-madehoney,鈥漵aidGuoZhihong,aresidentinChangshuiVillage,WuningCountyofJiangxi.Insteadofexploitingtheforestandwoodsonmountains,localvillagerslikeGuoturnedtotourismbasedonrichlocalforestresources,andsawtheirlivelihoodsgreatlyimprove.

WuningCountywasthefirsttoadopttheforestchiefpracticeacrosstheprovincein2016.Withforestchiefsheldaccountableatthelevelsofcounty,township,andvillage,thecountyhasreachedabalancebetweenenvironmentalconservationandeconomicdevelopment.

鈥淥verthepasttwoyears,WuningCountyhasexploredasuccessfulpathofgreengrowth,鈥漵aidDuShaohua,thecounty鈥檚Partychiefandgeneralchiefofforests.Thereare29forestresorts,severalforestsightseeingbasesandleisurecentersinthecounty,whichisdenselycoveredbywoods.Inthefirstquarterof2018,theseplacesreceivedabout100,000touristsintotal.

Inaddition,thelocalgovernmenttookadvantageofitsrichresourcesandfosteredagribusinessesbysupportingorchards,plantingherbs,flowersandtea,andraisinglivestockandbees.LuxiTown,forexample,turnedavastwastelandintoatea-plantingbase.Atotalof66poverty-strickenhouseholdsinthetownsecuredastablesourceofincomefromthisinitiative.Oneoftheprioritiesforlocalgovernmentthisyearistobuilda140-km-longgreencorridoralongitsmainhighways.

Atpresent,thecountyhas96forestrydemonstrationbasesincluding9,867hectaresoforchards,2,667hectaresofherbfields,1,733hectaresofflowerfields,abee-keepingfacilitywithacapacityof35,000cases,and6,133hectaresofhigh-yieldcamelliasasanquafarms.

WuningCountytooktheinitiativeinJiangxitoallowfarmerstoraiseamortgageonmanagementrightsofthewoodland,expandingthefinancingchannelforstartinganagribusiness.Meanwhile,itencouragestransferofthemanagementrightsforintensiveforestryonamoderatelylargerscale.Asaresult,therearesixagriculturalenterprisesatprovincialorhigherlevelsand40forestrycooperativesthroughoutthecounty.OnecooperativespecializinginplantingChinesechestnutshasbeenapprovedasanationaldemonstrationcooperative.

Thesereformshavegivenmomentumtogreendevelopment.Besidesoverseeingenvironmentalconservation,forestchiefsalsofunctionasleadersofpovertyalleviationcampaignsineveryvillage.Agreeneconomyisprioritizedastheycombinethesetwotasks.Whilelearningfromsuccessfulpracticesinboostingforestry-relatedbusinessesadoptedbyotherregions,theforestchiefshavepassedontheirknowledgetoruralresidentssothattheyarecapableofself-development.

InLe鈥檃nCounty,localgovernmenthaslaunchedfourtrainingprogramsonplantationandanimalhusbandryforforestkeepers,enablingthemtospearheadpovertyalleviationefforts.Localvillagesareabletoincreasetheirincomebydevelopingforestry-relatedagribusinessinsteadoffellingtrees.

ForSustainability

AccordingtoQiuShuiwen,Jiangxi鈥檚forestchiefsystemaimstoachievefivegoals:First,toprotectforestsbycarryingoutthestrictestmanagementsystem.Second,toharnesstheforestresourcesfollowingtheprincipleofensuringafforestationinsteadofdeforestation.Third,toacceleratethebuildingofagridmanagementsystem(amanagementsystemdowntotheprimarylevel)forforestconservation.Fourth,totightenoversightonforestsusingtechnologyandonsiteinspections.Fifth,toimprovethesupervisionsystemthroughcultivatingcapablepersonnelsothatmanagementcanbeconductedonaregularbasisandcovertheentirearea.

Tothisend,theprovincialgovernmentintroducedasystemtoevaluatetheforestchiefs鈥檖erformancesandincorporatedtheirworkintotheassessmentofprefecturalandcountygovernmentsintermsofhigh-qualitydevelopmentandeffortsforecologicalprogressandecologicalcompensation.Officials鈥檖erformanceasforestchiefsareusedasimportantreferencesforpromotion.Thosewhofailtheirresponsibilitiesandcausedamagetotheenvironmentwillstillbeheldaccountableeveniftheyhaveleftoffice.

Theprovincehassetoutspecificgoalsoftheforestchiefsystem.Bytheendof2018,amanagementsystemwithforestchiefscoveringfivelevelsofprovince,prefecture-levelcity,county,township,andvillagewillbeputinplace.By2020,theprovincewillmaintainawoodlandareaof10.7millionhectares,andaforestareaof9.87millionhectares,morethan63.1percentoftheprovince鈥檚totalarea.Thegoalofsecuringexpandingforestresourceswithahighquality,beautifulenvironment,andthrivingforestry-relatedbusinesseswillbeachieved.By2035,theprovincewillbasicallyachieveitsforestrymodernizationwithwell-preservedforests,improvedecologicalfunctions,andmoreprominentgreenbenefits.
   

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