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中国文化核心词

时间:2024-10-25 04:41:26

情景QíngjǐngSentimentandScenery

指文学作品中摹写景物与抒发情感的相互依存和有机融合。“情”指作者内心的情感,“景”为外界景物。情景理论强调二者的交融,情无景不立,景无情不美。是宋代以后出现的文学术语,相对于早期的情物观念,情景理论更加重视景物摹写与情感抒发、创作与鉴赏过程的互相依赖与融为一体。

Thistermreferstothemutualdependenceandintegrationofanauthor’sdescriptionofsceneryandobjects,andhisexpressionoffeelingsinhisliterarycreation.Qing(情)isanauthor’sinnerfeelings,andjing(景)referstoexternalsceneryoranobject.Thetheoryofsentimentandscenerystressesintegrationofthetwo,maintainingthatsentimentcanhardlybearousedwithoutscenery,andthatsceneryoranobjectcannotbeappreciatedwithoutsentiment.ThistermappearedintheSongDynasty.Comparedwithearliernotionsaboutsentimentandscenery,thisoneismoreemphaticaboutfusingthedepictionofscenerywiththeexpressionoffeelings,andtheprocessofcreationwiththatofappreciation.

引例Citations:

◎景无情不发,情无景不生。(范希文《对床夜语》卷二)

(景物若没有情感的注入就不会出现在诗歌中,情感若没有景物的衬托就无从生发。)

Sceneryhasnoplaceinpoetryunlesstherearefeelingsforit;feelingscannotbestirredwithouttheinspirationofscenery.(FanXiwen:MidnightDialoguesAcrossTwoBeds)

◎情景名为二,而实不可离。神于诗者,妙合无垠。巧者则有情中景、景中情。(王夫之《姜斋诗话》卷下)

(情与景虽然名称上为二,但实际上不可分离。善于作诗的人,二者融合巧妙,看不出界限。构思精巧的则会有情中景、景中情。)

Sentimentandsceneryseemtobetwodistinctthings,butinfacttheycannotbeseparated.Agoodpoetknowshowtointegratethemseamlessly.Aningeniouscombinationofsentimentandscenerymeanssceneryembeddedinsentimentandviceversa.(WangFuzhi:DesultoryRemarksonPoetryfromGingerStudio)

神思shénsīImaginativeContemplation

文艺创作过程中的一种精神状态,指的是作者在饱满的情感驱动下,超越时间与空间的限制,进入到自由想象或特殊的灵感状态,最后通过特定的文学艺术形象和语言而传达出来,创作出自然而美好的文艺作品。这一术语,在魏晋南北朝的文艺理论中得到广泛运用,南朝刘勰《文心雕龙》对此有专门论述。“神思”强调它是文艺创作中一种独特的心理活动,不同于其他认识活动。

Thetermreferstoastateofmindintheprocessofliteraryandartisticcreation.Itsuggeststhattheauthor,fullyinspiredbyemotions,transcendstheconstraintsoftimeandspace,andentersintoastateoffreeimaginationoraspecialmoodforliteraryandartisticcreation,be-foreproducinganaturalandbeautifulworkofliteratureorart,eitherinlanguageorinimagery.ThistermwaspopularlyusedinliteraryandartistictheoriesoftheWei,Jin,andSouthernandNorthernDynasties.LiuXieoftheSouthernDynastiesdevotedonechapterespeciallytothisterminCarvingaDragonattheCoreofLiterature.Withemphasisontheuniquementalactivityinliteraryandartisticcreation,imaginativecontemplationisdifferentfromothercognitiveactivities.

◎古人云:“形在江海之上,心存魏阙之下。”神思之谓也。文之思也,其神远矣。(刘勰《文心雕龙·神思》)

(古人说:“身在民间,心却想着朝廷。”这说的就是神思。文章写作时的想象和思绪,其神奇是可以超越时空的呀!)

Anancientsayinggoes,“Thoughhelivesamongthecommonfolks,deepinhisheartheconcernshimselfwithaffairsoftheimperialcourt.”Thisiscalledimaginativecontemplation.Whenonewrites,hisimaginationsandthoughtsmaytranscendtimeandspace.(LiuXie:CarvingaDragonattheCoreofLiterature)

引例Citations:

◎属文之道,事出神思,感召无象,变化不穷。(萧子显《南齐书·文学传论》)

(写文章的规律,来自于神思,人对万物的感触没有形迹,变化无穷。)

Theguidingprinciplesforliterarycreationcomefromimaginativecontemplation.Man’sfeelingsandthoughtsabouttheexternalworldareformlessandhighlychangeable.(XiaoZixian:TheHistoryofSouthernQi)
   

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